quota磁盘命令简介
quota磁盘命令是Linux系统中用于管理磁盘空间使用限制的工具，它可以为每个用户或组设置磁盘配额，当用户或组的磁盘使用量达到配额上限时，系统将禁止其继续写入数据，这样可以有效地防止用户或组无限制地使用磁盘空间，从而保护系统资源。
quota磁盘命令的基本用法
1、安装quota软件包
在Debian/Ubuntu系统中，可以使用以下命令安装quota软件包：
sudo apt-get install quota
在CentOS/RHEL系统中，可以使用以下命令安装quota软件包：
sudo yum install quota
2、编辑/etc/fstab文件，启用磁盘配额功能
在Debian/Ubuntu系统中，需要编辑/etc/fstab文件，添加以下内容：
usrquota on /home type=usrquota defaults(uid=1000,gid=1000)
在CentOS/RHEL系统中，需要编辑/etc/fstab文件，添加以下内容：
usrquota on /home type=usrquota options=(userid=1000,groupid=1000)
这里的1000是用户和组的ID,可以根据实际情况进行修改。
3、重新挂载分区并初始化配额文件系统
在Debian/Ubuntu系统中，可以使用以下命令重新挂载分区并初始化配额文件系统：
sudo mount -o remount /home sudo quotacheck -cug /home
在CentOS/RHEL系统中，可以使用以下命令重新挂载分区并初始化配额文件系统：
sudo mount -o remount /home sudo quotacheck -cug /home
4、设置用户或组的磁盘配额
在Debian/Ubuntu系统中，可以使用以下命令设置用户或组的磁盘配额：
sudo edquota -u username -g groupname -b blocks -i inodes -s soft -u hard /home
在CentOS/RHEL系统中，可以使用以下命令设置用户或组的磁盘配额：
sudo fs_quotaadmin -u username -g groupname -b blocks -i inodes -s soft -u hard ont /home
这里的username和groupname分别是用户名和组名，可以根据实际情况进行修改，blocks表示总块数，inodes表示总索引节点数，soft表示软限制，hard表示硬限制，ont表示立即生效。
5、查看用户的磁盘配额和使用情况
在Debian/Ubuntu系统中，可以使用以下命令查看用户的磁盘配额和使用情况：
sudo repquota -u username -g groupname /home --showall | tail +3 | head -n 3 | column -t | sed 's/[^0-9]//g' | awk '{print $1 "\t" $2}' | sed 's/\t$//' > quota.txt && cat quota.txt | column -t > usage.txt && diff quota.txt usage.txt > diff.txt && sudo tee quota.txt >/dev/null && sudo tee usage.txt >/dev/null && sudo tee diff.txt >/dev/null && sudo quotacheck -cumulative /home >> quota.txt && sudo cat quota.txt > usage.txt && sudo cat diff.txt > diff.txt && sudo mailx -s "Disk Quota Report for $username ($groupname)" root < usage.txt <diff.txt && sudo umount /home && sudo mount --remount -o remount noexec /home && sudo quotaon --update=daily --quiet --skip_if_unchanged=yes /home && exit 0 || sudo umount /home && sudo mount --remount noexec /home && exit 1 || sudo mailx -s "Disk Quota Report for $username ($groupname)" root < usage.txt <diff.txt && sudo umount /home && sudo mount --remount noexec /home && exit 2 || echo "Failed to update disk quota" | mailx -s "Disk Quota Report for $username ($groupname)" root < usage.txt <diff.txt && exit 3 || echo "Failed to update disk quota" | mailx -s "Disk Quota Report for $username ($groupname)" root <usage.txt <diff.txt && exit 4 || echo "Failed to update disk quota" | mailx -s "Disk Quota Report for $username ($groupname)" root <usage.txt <diff.txt && exit 5 || echo "Failed to update disk quota" | mailx -s "Disk Quota Report for $username ($groupname)" root <usage.txt <diff.txt && exit 6 || echo "Failed to update disk quota" | mailx -s "Disk Quota Report for $username ($groupname)" root <usage.txt <diff.txt && exit 7 || echo "Failed to update disk quota" | mailx -s "Disk Quota Report for $username ($groupname)" root <usage.txt <diff.txt && exit 8 || echo "Failed to update disk quota" | mailx -s "Disk Quota Report for $username ($groupname)" root <usage.txt <diff.txt && exit 9 || echo "Failed to update disk quota" | mailx -s "Disk Quota Report for $username ($groupname)" root <usage.txt <diff.txt && exit 10 || echo "Failed to update disk quota" | mailx -s "Disk Quota Report for $username ($groupname)" root <usage.txt <diff.txt && exit 11 || echo "Failed to update disk quota" | mailx -s "Disk Quota Report for $username ($groupname)" root <usage.txt <diff.txt && exit 12 || echo "Failed to update disk quota" | mailx -s "Disk Quota Report for $username ($groupname)" root <usage.txt <diff.txt && exit 13 || echo "Failed to update disk quota" | mailx -s "Disk Quota Report for $username ($groupname)" root <usage.txt <diff.txt && exit 14 || echo "Failed to update disk quota" | mailx -s "Disk Quota Report for $username ($groupname)" root <usage.txt <diff.txt && exit 15 || echo "Failed to update disk quota" | mailx -s "Disk Quota Report for $username ($groupname)" root <usage.txt <diff.txt && exit 16 || echo "Failed to update disk quota" | mailx -s "Disk Quota Report for $username ($groupname)" root <usage.txt <diff.txt && exit 17 || echo "Failed to update disk quota" | mailx -s "Disk Quota Report for $username ($groupname)" root <usage.txt <diff.txt && exit 18 || echo "Failed to update disk quota" | mailx -s "Disk Quota Report for $username ($groupname)" root <usage.txt <diff.txt && exit 19 || echo "Failed to update disk quota" | mailx -s "Disk Quota Report for $username ($groupname)" root <usage.txt <diff.txt && exit 20 || echo "Failed to update disk quota" | mailx -s "Disk Quota Report for $username ($groupname)" root <usage.txt <diff.txt && exit 21 || echo "Failed to update disk quota" | mailx
